Abstract
The interplay between a prosthetic and tissue represents an important factor for the fixation of orthopedic implants. Laser texturing tests and electropolishing were performed on two materials used in the fabrication of medical devices, i.e., CoCr and Ti6Al4V-ELI alloys. The material surface was textured with a diode-pumped solid state (DPSS) laser and its effect on the surface quality and material modification, under different combinations of laser power and marking speed, were investigated. Our results indicate that an increment of energy per unit length causes an incremental trend in surface roughness parameters. Additionally, phase transformation on the surface of both alloys was achieved. Chemical analysis by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) shows the formation of (Co(Cr,Mo)) phase and the M23C6 precipitate on the CoCr surface; while quantitative analysis of the X-ray diffractometer (XRD) results demonstrates the oxidation of the Ti alloy with the formation of Ti2O and Ti6O from the reduction of the α-Ti phase. The behaviors were both related with an increase of the energy per unit length. Control of the final surface roughness was achieved by an electropolishing post-treatment, minimizing the as-treated values. After polishing, a reduction of surface roughness parameters was obtained in a range between 3% and 44%, while no changes in chemical composition or present phases were observed.
Highlights
CoCr and titanium alloys have been studied for many years in different biomedical areas such as cardiology, orthopedics, and dentistry, due to their biocompatibility, durability, corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength, high fatigue strength, and wear resistant properties [1]
The results indicate that, with the increase energy per unit length El (J/mm), surface roughness values of the samples increase for both roughness parameters
Our results indicate a reduction of Co and Cr, while Mo increases with the increment of energy per unit length applied to the material
Summary
CoCr and titanium alloys have been studied for many years in different biomedical areas such as cardiology, orthopedics, and dentistry, due to their biocompatibility, durability, corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength, high fatigue strength, and wear resistant properties [1]. Orthopedic implants require connectivity in the interphase between live bone and the implant surface. The study of the implanted material is of great importance to accomplish a balance between the strength and the stiffness required for fixation of an implant to bone [6]. The main manufacturing techniques for engraving the surface of the material are laser ablation processing [8], plasma spraying [9], and sandblasting [10]. Laser-based processing has gained interest for texturing medical devices due to its high precision, high resolution, and suitability for selective changes in implant surfaces [11]. According to Cunha et al, using a direct writing method and a femtosecond laser radiation promotes laser-induced periodic surface structures, nanopillars, and microcolumns to improve implant osseointegration through the formation of bimodal roughness distribution [12]. Laser texturing recreates a similar surface roughness as compared with
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