Abstract
The main objective was to study the effect of surface modification by laser on Ti-Nb-Mo powder metallurgical alloys to improve their mechano-chemical behavior and their application as a biomedical implant. The used powder mixtures were produced in an inert atmosphere. Uniaxial compaction took place at 600 MPa with high-vacuum sintering at 1250 °C for 3 h. The specimens for the three-point flexure test were prepared and their mechanical properties determined. Microstructural characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to obtain the distribution of phases, porosity, size, and shape of the grains of each alloy. Corrosion behavior was evaluated by electrochemical tests using an artificial saliva electrolyte modified from Fusayama at 37 °C. Chemical characterization was completed by analyzing the ionic release by Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-EOS) after immersion for 730 h in Fusayama solution modified with NaF at 37 °C to simulate a 20-year life span based on a daily 2-min cycle of three toothbrushes. Corrosion behavior confirmed promising possibilities for the biomedicine field. The surface porosity of the samples not submitted to surface treatment deteriorated properties against corrosion and ion release. The obtained phase was β, with a low α”-martensite percentage. The maximum resistance to bending was greater after surface fusion. Plastic deformations were above 7% under some conditions. Microhardness came close to 300 HV in heat-affected zone (HAZ) and 350 HV in fusion zone (FZ) (under the determined condition. The elastic modulus lowered by around 10%. The corrosion rate was lower in Ti-27Nb-8Mo and Ti-35Nb-6Mo. Niobium release was significant, but below the physiological limit.
Highlights
Adequate material selection is essential for biomedical use
By Laser Surface Modification (LSM), a slight reduction in open porosity was observed, which depended on the conditions ranges from 21 to 65%, especially when laser power or energy density was higher
The surface modification obtained in the alloys processed by powder metallurgy was possible by the laser surface fusion of the surface, which gave a layer of homogeneous chemical composition and high density, in the studied Ti-Nb-Mo alloys with the same
Summary
Adequate material selection is essential for biomedical use. For this reason, properties like corrosion resistance, ion release behavior, and elastic modulus should be studied to avoid negative effects for patients. Material selection in implantology presents two major problems that have not yet been solved: Toxicity of components and the stress shielding phenomenon due to a superior elastic modulus to bone. Despite the fact that Ti6Al4V alloys are the most widely used in this area, recent studies prove that Al and V ions pose serious allergic and neurological problems [2]. The bone resorption that occurs by screening stresses has rendered it necessary to develop titanium alloys with a low Young’s modulus, in addition to non-toxic elements
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