Abstract
The LIBELLE experiment performed at the experimental storage ring (ESR) at the GSI Helmholtz Center in Darmstadt aims for the determination of the ground state hyperfine (HFS) transitions and lifetimes in hydrogen-like (209Bi82+) and lithium-like (209Bi80+) bismuth. The study of HFS transitions in highly charged ions enables precision tests of QED in extreme electric and magnetic fields otherwise not attainable in laboratory experiments. While the HFS transition in H-like bismuth was already observed in earlier experiments at the ESR, the LIBELLE experiment succeeded for the first time to measure the HFS transition in Li-like bismuth in a laser spectroscopy experiment.
Highlights
Highly charged ions provide a testing ground for QED calculations in extreme electric and magnetic fields that cannot be created in the laboratory with conventional methods
For the LIBELLE experiment, either hydrogen-like or lithium-like bismuth ions were provided by the GSI accelerator system, injected into the experimental storage ring (ESR) and stored at 400 MeV/u
Fluorescence photons emitted by the HFS resonance in H-like bismuth are reflected by a mirror system installed in the vacuum pipe towards two view-ports and detected by two solar blind photomultiplier. This mirror system, which has been used in earlier studies of HFS states in highly charged ions at the ESR [10], collects mainly photons emitted at angles between 15◦ and 60◦ relative to the beam direction
Summary
Charged ions provide a testing ground for QED calculations in extreme electric (up to 1016 V/cm) and magnetic (up to 104 T) fields that cannot be created in the laboratory with conventional methods (like lasers and superconducting magnets). A suitable candidate for an experimental determination of the specific difference is the bismuth isotope 209Bi. Here the ground state HFS transitions in both, the H-like and in the Li-like system, are accessible to high precision laser spectroscopy measurements.
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