Abstract
In recent years, huge progress has been made in the development of rare-earth ion doped tellurite glass laser sources, ranging from watt- and multiwatt-level fiber lasers to nanowatt level microsphere lasers. Significant success has been achieved in extending the spectral range of tellurite fiber lasers generating at wavelengths beyond 2 μm as well as in theoretical understanding. This review is aimed at discussing the state of the art of neodymium-, erbium-, thulium-, and holmium-doped tellurite glass fiber and microsphere lasers.
Highlights
Tellurite glasses possess chemical stability, have a broad transmission range of ~0.4–6 μm, high linear refractive index n ~ 1.8–2.3, high nonlinear refractive index, and relatively low phonon energies (~700–900 cm−1 ) [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
For microsphere-based lasers, which can be used as miniature photonic devices for basic science and many real applications—for example, for sensing [13], a gain medium and a cavity are the same device that is a microresonator with whispering gallery modes (WGMs) [14]
The same authors reported continuous wave (CW) and Q-switch lasing from a Tm/Ho/Yb co-doped tellurite fiber pumped at ~1.6 μm by an Er/Yb silica fiber laser
Summary
Tellurite glasses (based on tellurium dioxide TeO2 ) possess chemical stability, have a broad transmission range of ~0.4–6 μm, high linear refractive index n ~ 1.8–2.3 (against n ~ 1.4 for silica and n ~ 1.5 for fluoride glasses), high nonlinear refractive index, and relatively low phonon energies (~700–900 cm−1 ) [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. Variant experimental laser scheme with forward diode pumping using a mirror at the Coupling can be realized by means of a prism by adjusting the angle of incidence to achieve input endend andand onlyonly the fiber endend For microsphere-based lasers, which can be used as miniature photonic devices for basic science and many real applications—for example, for sensing [13], a gain medium and a cavity are the same device that is a microresonator with whispering gallery modes (WGMs) [14] Such microresonators typically have high Q-factors (quality factors) and small optical WGM volumes which make them suitable for constructing narrow linewidth and low threshold microlasers [13,14].
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