Abstract
Degenerative disease of the intervertebral discs (DDD) is currently a serious problem facing the world community. The surgical methods and conservative therapy used today, unfortunately, do not stop the pathological process, but serve as a palliative method that temporarily relieves pain and improves the patient’s quality of life. Therefore, at present, there is an active search for new methods of treating DDD. Among new techniques of treatment, biological methods, and minimally invasive surgery, including the use of laser radiation, which, depending on the laser parameters, can cause ablative or modifying effects on the disc tissue, have acquired considerable interest. Here, we analyze a new approach to solving the DDD problem: laser tissue modification. This review of publications is focused on the studies of the physicochemical foundations and clinical applications of a new method of laser reconstruction of intervertebral discs. Thermomechanical action of laser radiation modifies tissue and leads to its regeneration as well as to a long-term restoration of disc functions, elimination of pain and the return of patients to normal life.
Highlights
The temperature range of 20–25 ◦ C was determined as the optimal heating for laser treatment of discs, since at the selected time irradiation mode, such heating does not lead to significant coagulation of the tissue and is sufficient to create the necessary thermal stresses leading to the activation of chondrocytes, to loosening of the extracellular matrix (ECM), formation of micropores, generation of shock proteins, growth factors and other signaling molecules that promote cartilage regeneration
Summing up the results of many years of painstaking work of a large team of physicists, biologists, morphologists, orthopedists, and neurosurgeons who have studied the possibilities of regeneration of cartilaginous tissue—the most complex and rigid body structure, we can say with confidence that a significant contribution has been made to the regenerative medicine
By stimulating the process of intervertebral disc (IVD) regeneration, it is possible to prevent the development of Degenerative disease of the intervertebral discs (DDD)
Summary
Cells must maintain the macromolecular structure of the disc, a certain concentration of PG, collagen, proteases, and their inhibitors throughout life. The sulfate groups of GAGsby carry charges thatmoderate contributepain to the Clinically, this is manifested the negative appearance of local in maintenance the damagedof osmotic pressure in the disc, which ensures the amortization functions of spine.apThe area, a feeling of fatigue, and recurrent attacks of myogenic pain syndrome. Inside the disc of an adult, blood vessels are completely absent, inand degenerative process in the IVD, dehydration of the NP, and an increase in segment nutrition of the cartilaginous structures is carried out from the bodies of the vertebra stability led to a significant increase in the load on the AF.
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