Laser–plasma interaction studies in the context of megajoule lasers for inertial fusion

Abstract

Laser–plasma interaction (LPI) physics is one the major issues for the realization of inertial fusion. Parametric instabilities may be driven by the incident laser beams during their propagation in the underdense plasma surrounding the fusion capsule. These instabilities may result in various effects detrimental to a good energy transfer from the laser beams to the target: the backscattering of the incident beams, the generation of energetic electrons which might preheat the fusion fuel, and the spoiling of the laser beam alignment. The control of the linear growth of these instabilities, together with the understanding of their nonlinear saturation mechanisms are therefore of fundamental importance for laser fusion. During the past few years, a series of new concepts have emerged, deeply modifying our approach to LPI physics. In particular, LPI experiments are now carried out with laser beams which are optically smoothed by means of random phase plates. Such beams are characterized inside the plasma by randomly distributed intensity maxima. Filamentation instabilities may locally increase the laser intensity maxima and deplete the electron density, leading to an intricate coupling between various nonlinear processes. One of the most striking features of this intricate coupling is the resulting ability of the plasma to induce additional temporal and spatial incoherence to the laser beams during their propagation. The increased incoherence may in turn reduce the level of backscattering instabilities.