Laser photodynamic therapy in the treatment of cervical pathology

Abstract

Early diagnosis and treatment of background and precancerous diseases of the cervix is one of the important problems of gynecology, the ultimate goal of which is to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer. To date, many scientific papers have been devoted to the problem of treating cervical pathology and various methods of treating background and precancerous diseases of the cervix have been introduced. The most common methods are those based on the use of electro coagulation, cry destruction, and laser vaporization methods as a therapeutic effect. According to domestic and foreign authors, the therapeutic effect of the above-mentioned methods of treatment is 67-98. 7% [1, 2, 5]. However, each of these methods has its own indications, contraindications and a number of complications: exacerbation of chronic salpingoophoritis, bleeding, the occurrence of endometriosis, scarring of the cervix, cervical canal stenosis, violation of reproductive function [2, 4, 6, and 9]. In order to prevent cervical cancer, the treatment of background and precancerous diseases should be radical, but at the same time careful, while preserving the anatomical and functional fullness of the cervix, which largely determines the state of the reproductive system. In this regard, treatment methods are currently being developed that combine the optimal therapeutic effect in the absence of undesirable complications. One of the newest approaches to the treatment of cervical pathology is laser photodynamic therapy (LFTT). This method causes selective death of pathological cells, which is provided by the selectivity of the accumulation of the drug in the pathological tissue and local light supply. According to foreign sources, there are isolated cases of successful treatment of dysplasia and cervical cancer with the use of hematoporphyrin derivatives as a photosensitizer. In the sources available to us, no information was found about the use of LFTD in the treatment of background and precancerous diseases of the cervix, and the effectiveness of the drug “0.05% solution of mytilene blue belonging to the group of phenothiazines (cationic azines)” in the use of LFTD in gynecology was not evaluated, which determined the purpose of our study.