Abstract
The tissue engineering of dental oral tissue is tackling significant advances and the use of stem cells promises to boost the therapeutical approaches of regenerative dentistry. Despite advances in this field, the literature is still scarce regarding the modulatory effect of laser photobiomodulation (PBM) on genes related to inflammation and osteogenesis in Postnatal Human Dental Pulp Stem cells (DPSCs). This study pointedly investigated the effect of PBM treatment in proliferation, growth and differentiation factors, mineralization, and extracellular matrix remodeling genes in DPSCs. Freshly extracted human third molars were used as a source for DPSCs isolation. The isolated DPSCs were stimulated to an inflammatory state, using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model, and then subjected or not to laser PBM. Each experiment was statistically evaluated according to the sample distribution. A total of 85 genes related to inflammation and osteogenesis were evaluated regarding their expression by RT-PCR. Laser PBM therapy has shown to modulate several genes expression in DPSCs. PBM suppressed the expression of inflammatory gene TNF and RANKL and downregulated the gene expression for VDR and proteolytic enzymes cathepsin K, MMP-8 and MMP-9. Modulation of gene expression for proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) following PBM varied among different PARs. As expected, PBM blocked the odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs when subjected to LPS model. Conversely, PBM has preserved the odontogenic potential of DPSCs by increasing the expression of TWIST-1/RUNEX-2/ALP signaling axis. PBM therapy notably played a role in the DPSCs genes expression that mediate inflammation process and tissue mineralization. The present data opens a new perspective for PBM therapy in mineralized dental tissue physiology.
Highlights
A primary objective of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering is to support the reinstatement of tissues and/or organ’s functions by means an in situ substitution/repair of their injured structures
Among mesenchymal postnatal cells found in dental pulp, the Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) (Kerkis et al, 2006) have shown to exhibit promising tissue regenerative cues, such as a more mature phenotype in comparison to stem cells derived from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) (Goldberg and Smith, 2004), and higher plasticity than Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) (Miura et al, 2003)
While Proteinase-activated receptors (PARs)-1 showed a downregulation in the gene expression, the other PARs show a significant increase in the number of gene copies
Summary
A primary objective of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering is to support the reinstatement of tissues and/or organ’s functions by means an in situ substitution/repair of their injured structures. Stromal fibroblasts and odontoblasts are the main regenerative/formative cells in dental pulp tissue (Nor, 2006). The pulp tissue harbors mesenchymal stem cells with self-renewal capacity and multidifferentiation potential (Botelho et al, 2017). Postnatal stem cells have proven to be an excellent resource in regenerative medicine. Among mesenchymal postnatal cells found in dental pulp, the Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) (Kerkis et al, 2006) have shown to exhibit promising tissue regenerative cues, such as a more mature phenotype in comparison to stem cells derived from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) (Goldberg and Smith, 2004), and higher plasticity (i.e. proliferative and differentiation capacity to turn into various cells) than Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) (Miura et al, 2003)
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