Abstract
The breathomics approach to express-diagnosis of bronchopulmonary diseases based on spectral analysis of volatile organic compounds in a patient’s exhaled air is discussed. The basic demands and possible technical solutions to laser photoacoustic spectroscopy equipment in a framework of breathomics are presented. An example of differential diagnostics of the set of bronchopulmonary diseases, including lung cancer (LC) patients (N = 9); patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (N = 12); patients with pneumonia (N = 11) and a control group of healthy volunteers using breath air analysis by laser photoacoustic spectroscopy and machine learning is presented.
Highlights
Control of metabolites in exhaled air produced by biochemical reactions in cells and organs being called as “breathomics” provides ability of express and noninvasive medical screening
The aim of the paper is to show abilities of laser photoacoustic gas analyzer based on Optical parametric oscillator (OPO) with extra wide tuning range for breathomics
The ability of Laser photoacoustic spectroscopy (LPAS) technique significantly depends on a range of the used laser source spectral tuning
Summary
Control of metabolites in exhaled air produced by biochemical reactions in cells and organs being called as “breathomics” provides ability of express and noninvasive medical screening. Typical metabolites, produced by pathological processes in the body, include: — inorganic substances, e.g., carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitric oxide; — non-volatile substances, e.g., isoprostanes, cytokines, leukotrienes and hydrogen peroxide; — volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which include saturated hydrocarbons (ethane, pentane, aldehydes), unsaturated hydrocarbons (isoprene), oxygen containing (acetone), sulphur containing (ethyl mercaptane, dimethylsulfide) and nitrogen containing (dimethylamine, ammonia) [1]. A set of electrochemical sensors, each of which corresponds to a particular substance (called by "electronic nose" or "e-nose") is one of instrumental methods of exhaled air VOCs control, being suitable for routine measurements. The main disadvantages of contact sensors are low selectivity and fast degradation due to surface contamination
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