Abstract
The rapidly developing demand for lightweight portable electronics has accelerated advanced research on self-powered microsystems (SPMs) for peak power energy storage (ESs). In recent years, there has been, in this regard, a huge research interest in micro-supercapacitors for microelectronics application over micro-batteries due to their advantages of fast charge–discharge rate, high power density and long cycle-life. In this work, the optimization and fabrication of micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) by means of laser-induced interdigital structured graphene electrodes (LIG) has been reported. The flexible and scalable MSCs are fabricated by CO2-laser structuring of polyimide-based Kapton ® HN foils at ambient temperature yielding interdigital LIG-electrodes and using polymer gel electrolyte (PGE) produced by polypropylene carbonate (PPC) embedded ionic liquid of 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium-trifluoromethansulphonate [EMIM][OTf]. This MSC exhibits a wide stable potential window up to 2.0 V, offering an areal capacitance of 1.75 mF/cm2 at a scan rate of 5.0 mV/s resulting in an energy density (Ea) of 0.256 µWh/cm2 @ 0.03 mA/cm2 and power density (Pa) of 0.11 mW/cm2 @0.1 mA/cm2. Overall electrochemical performance of this LIG/PGE-MSC is rounded with a good cyclic stability up to 10,000 cycles demonstrating its potential in terms of peak energy storage ability compared to the current thin film micro-supercapacitors.
Highlights
The rapid growing development and demand of miniaturized portable and wearable electronics has expressively amplified the importance for lightweight, stretchable, microscale and efficient power storage systems [1,2,3]
MSCs can be fabricated by different ways such as stacked thin films of the cell components or planar interdigitated methods, etc., and it has been observed that the nanostructured functional materials such as polymer films, graphene, carbon-based nanocomposites electrodes based thin-film flat MSCs can be advanced components for modern integrated circuits
The SEM images have been recorded at different magnifications of the samples at different condition to determine the change of surface morphologies of the PI-film before and after processing of irradiation with CO2-Laser
Summary
The rapid growing development and demand of miniaturized portable and wearable electronics has expressively amplified the importance for lightweight, stretchable, microscale and efficient power storage systems [1,2,3]. Electrochemical capacitors or supercapacitors (SCs) have drawn lot of interest as a novel ESSs over MBs due to promising advantages such as high-power density, fast charge–discharge rates, long cycle life (>10,000) and ease of integration with various electronic components. Recent research has found that the MSCs are attractive as one of the most competitive high-power sources for future miniaturized IoT technologies due to high power density, small size, controllable patterning, large scale on-chip integration ability and long cycle life [4,12]. Pseudocapacitive electrode materials based MSCs exhibit similar features due to fast surface redox reactions of the cation in the active electrode material There is no such phase change generally observed in redox active electrode materials during long cycle life which signifies the capacitive behavior of the MSC [7,13]
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