Laser induced graphene based high-accurate temperature sensor with thermal meta-shell encirclement

Abstract

Accurate temperature measurement is critical in various fields, particularly in new energy vehicle power batteries and biomedicine. However, placing a temperature sensor in a thermal field can cause perturbations that lead to inaccuracies in measurement, which can have severe consequences. To address this issue, a Laser-induced graphene (LIG) based meta-shell encircled temperature sensor was proposed that takes advantage of the controllable thermal conductivity of LIG. The sensor's thermal measurement capabilities are theoretically analyzed, and the proposed approach is shown to eliminate thermal perturbations caused by the mismatch between the sensor and background, resulting in more accurate measurements. The effects of different laser processing parameters on the alteration and enhancement of LIG thermal conductivity have also been experimentally demonstrated for constructing the thermal meta-shell. The high-accuracy of the proposed sensor was experimentally verified by comparing the temperature differences with a bare sensor. The meta-shell encircled sensor showed a maximum thermal deviation of only 0.21 K, while the bare sensor produced a deviation of 1.55 K. Furthermore, the LIG-based sensor can maintain high accuracy in a high-temperature environment exceeding 410 K, and its stability and repeatability have been experimentally verified. The sensor also shows a fast response time of 1.15 s and can maintain accurate temperature measurement under large curvature (0.4 m−1), insensitive to humidity and vibration, proving its applicability in complex situations. The proposed LIG-based meta-shell encircled temperature sensor is manufactured through laser direct writing method and is easy to mass-produce, making it highly promising for high-accurate temperature monitoring applications.