Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy as a reliable analytical method for classifying commercial cheese samples based on their cooking/stretching process

Abstract

The present work evaluates the possibility of using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) coupled with chemometric methods to classify cheese samples (namely Kashar cheese and processed cheese) based on their cooking/stretching process. Chemometric analysis of the data provided by LIBS and ICP-OES/AAS analyses made it possible to discriminate between the two cheese types regarding their elemental profiles. The principal component analysis model was able to discriminate the Kashar cheese with an explained variance of 97.02%. Furthermore, the partial least squares discriminant analysis model perfectly classified the Kashar samples with a prediction ability of 100%. Furthermore, calibration and validation models for Mg, Ca, Na, P, Zn, and K elements for both Kashar and processed cheese samples were developed using partial least square regression yielding high correlation coefficients and low root mean square errors. Overall, this study indicates that LIBS with chemometrics can be an easy-to-use and rapid monitoring system for cheese classification.