Abstract
Due to the limited availability of agricultural land, pH sensing is becoming more and more important these days to produce efficient agricultural products. Therefore, to fabricate eco-friendly and disposable sensors, the black carbon, which is called biochar, is formed by irradiation of a UV pulsed laser having a wavelength of 355 nm onto wood and applying the resulting material as a pH sensor. The surfaces of three types of wood (beech, cork oak, and ash) were converted to the graphitic structure after UV laser irradiation; their morphologies were investigated. In addition, since the content of lignin, an organic polymer, is different for each wood, optimal laser irradiation conditions (laser fluence) needed to form these woods into pH sensors were considered. Depending on the degree of oil-like material generated after laser irradiation, a disposable pH sensor that can be used from one to three times is fabricated; due to the environmental characteristics of wood and biochar, the sensor shows high availability in that it can be easily discarded after use on agricultural land. After that, it can be used as filter in soil. Our wood-based pH sensor sensitively measures sequential changes from pH 4 to pH 10 and shows a very linear change of △R/R, indicating its potential for use in agriculture.
Highlights
Studies on fabricating graphitic structure by irradiating a laser under specific conditions on commercial polyimide films (PI, Kapton®) have been actively published [1,2,3]
We previously reported a strain sensor in which electrical changes occur with strain induced by irradiating polyimide (Kapton®, HN) with a 355 nm ultraviolet pulsed laser
We report the fabrication of an graphitic pattern, which is called biochar, with high electrical properties by scribing a 355 nm ultraviolet pulsed laser onto three different types of wood [11]
Summary
Studies on fabricating graphitic structure by irradiating a laser under specific conditions on commercial polyimide films (PI, Kapton®) have been actively published [1,2,3]. We report the fabrication of an graphitic pattern, which is called biochar, with high electrical properties by scribing a 355 nm ultraviolet pulsed laser onto three different types of wood (beech, cork oak, and ash) [11]. Potassium is the most important nutrient for crop quality [19,20,21] High content of these three nutrients enhances plant defenses and improves the shape, color, taste, and shelf life of fruits and vegetables [14,20]. Another pivotal point is that agriculture is the pH concentration of the nutrient soil [21]. We report an eco-friendly organic polymer-based pH sensor and suggest its suitability for use in smart farms
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