Abstract
Rapidly evolving laser technologies have led to the development of laser-generated particle accelerators as an alternative to conventional facilities. However, the radiobiological characteristics need to be determined to enhance their applications in biology and medicine. In this study, the radiobiological effects of ultrashort pulsed electron beam (UPEB) and X-ray radiation in human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5 cell line) exposed to doses of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 Gy are compared. The changes of γH2AX foci number as a marker of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) were analyzed. In addition, the micronuclei induction and cell death via apoptosis were studied. We found that the biological action of UPEB-radiation compared to X-rays was characterized by significantly slower γH2AX foci elimination (with a dose of 1 Gy) and strong apoptosis induction (with doses of 0.5 and 1.0 Gy), accompanied by a slight increase in micronuclei formation (dose of 1 Gy). Our data suggest that UPEB radiation produces more complex DNA damage than X-ray radiation, leading to cell death rather than cytogenetic disturbance.
Highlights
During the last decade, the technology of laser-based acceleration has been developed and its biological and medical applications discussed [1,2,3]
Since a number of studies reported that the dose rate and dose per pulse do not affect the radiobiological characteristics of the electron beam [26,27,28,29], it can be assumed that the differences observed after ultrashort pulsed electron beam (UPEB) irradiation, reflected in the formation of more complex DNA damage, as characterized by delayed repair [30,31], are attributed to the shorter pulse duration during irradiation
A peak dose rate of 1.6 × 1010 Gy/s was estimated based on the estimated pulse duration of 4.5 × 10−13 s, itself based on the laser pulse length, acceleration process, and electron beam transport
Summary
The technology of laser-based acceleration has been developed and its biological and medical applications discussed [1,2,3]. Since a number of studies reported that the dose rate (up to 75 Gy/min) and dose per pulse (up to 7.4 cGy/pulse) do not affect the radiobiological characteristics of the electron beam [26,27,28,29], it can be assumed that the differences observed after UPEB irradiation, reflected in the formation of more complex DNA damage, as characterized by delayed repair [30,31], are attributed to the shorter pulse duration during irradiation. Whether UPEB irradiation affects the PKC signaling pathway remains to be established
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