Abstract
A thermal counterflow jet in stationary superfluid helium (He II) has been investigated using a laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) with H 2-D 2 solid particles as tracer elements in the flow. The average normal fluid velocity measured with the LDV agrees well with a simple theoretical prediction below the condition of subcritical heating, where the velocity is small. For high velocities the measured velocity is less than that predicted theoretically. High resolution LDV data show the existence of regular oscillations in the velocity, superposed on a laminar base flow. The velocity oscillation is found to result from the second sound Helmholtz oscillation in the jet chamber. Supercritical heating generates quite a turbulent jet, in which the fluid dynamic behaviour seems very similar to that for fully developed turbulent jets in normal viscous fluids.
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