Abstract
In the present study, the morphology and composition of Titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4 V) surfaces were modified by laser cladding (LC) process to enhance the biocompatibility and bioactivity of orthopaedic implants. Ti–6Al–4 V substrates were processed using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser with various precursors: 100% HA and functionally graded TiO2-HA material (FGM). A set of laser parameters having 21.6 J/mm2 laser energy density or irradiance was applied for cladding, to execute a comparative study. The morphology, phases and wettability with different biological tests including bioactivity, protein adsorption, cell adhesion and cyto-compatibility were performed on cladded samples. The FGM cladding showed higher apatite precipitation than 100% HA cladding. Both LC samples had significantly higher amount of protein adsorption lead to higher cell adhesion and cyto-compatibility compared to non-cladded Ti-6Al-4 V alloy. In between the LC samples, FGM cladding had more protein adsorption and cell adhesion than 100% HA cladding. With six days of incubation, the proliferation rate of FGM cladding (215.6 ± 17.2%) was significantly higher than 100%HA cladding (134.6 ± 9.5%) and non-cladded Ti–6Al–4 V control (100%). All these outcomes reveal that the LC process improves the biocompatibility and bioactivity of Ti–6Al–4 V.
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