Abstract
Mixed fluoride crystals doped with rare-earth ions are interesting both as active media for lasers and as intermediate spectroscopic models between simple crystals and glasses. This behavior is related to the variety of optical centers that are present in these mixed systems, which also influences the stimulated-emission process. Cubic crystals of yttrofluorite (CaF<sub>2</sub>-YF<sub>3</sub>-NdF<sub>3</sub>) of space group <i>Fm</i>3<i>m</i> belong to this kind of multicenter system. Previous works on neodymium-doped yttrofluorite crystals containing high concentrations of yttrium fluoride and neodymium have shown that Nd<sup>3+</sup> can generate stimulated emission at two wavelengths: 1054 nm and 1063 nm. In this work, together with the laser dynamics we present for the first time the study of upconversion processes that produce ultraviolet and visible emissions under lasing and nonlasing conditions in yttrofluorite mixed crystals with 15 wt% of YF<sub>3</sub> and 1, 4, 8, and 16 wt% of NdF<sub>3</sub>.
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