Laser ablation method for the generation of chromium, iron, manganese, nickel, scandium, titanium and vanadium, nanoparticles: control of size and properties

Abstract

Using method of laser ablation of massive targets in liquids, nanoparticles (NP) of chromium, iron, manganese, nickel, scandium, titanium and vanadium with controlled characteristics were generated. To generate NP with the desired characteristics, both ablation of macro-sized butt and fragmentation are consumed. Laser fragmentation is the process of melting large NP into small ones using laser radiation. The influence on the distribution of NP by diameter (size) of such key parameters of laser irradiation as the density of energy of beam of laser in the medium and power of the laser is determined. To obtain NP devoid of surface oxide films, organic solvents or water saturated with molecular hydrogen were used as a working fluid. The proposed approaches allow one to obtain NP that meet the following criteria: 1). the type of NP tends to be spherical; 2). 95% of NP have a certain radius; 3). NP consist of a single chemical element, the quantity of impurities is minimal; 4). the crystal lattice of NP is metallic. If necessary, it is possible to generate NP with a surface layer consisting from oxides, as well as fully oxidized NP.