Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Chile, after a period of stagnation, an increase in cases has been observed in the last two years, reaching an incidence rate of 15.7 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2018. The study seeks to elucidate whether this increase is widespread or if it occurs in specific groups, also if it corresponds to epidemiological or operational changes. A descriptive study was carry on using data from official secondary sources to analyze changes in the number of cases in the last two years ccording to geographic areas and risk groups. In addition, case finding and diagnosis activities of TB program was analyzed. Increase in cases was observed in 6 regions of the country and foreigner people had the largest increase compared to other risk groups, although the incidence among Chilean is not affected for this fact. The importance of foreigners in the increase of cases occurs mainly in metropolitan region, while in the other regions there are other priority risk groups. Case finding and diagnosis activities may be contribute to increase of cases in some regions, but it does not have a relevant weight in general. In conclusion, the increase of tuberculosis cases is focused on some specific areas, which reinforces the importance of local analysis and the definition of differentiated strategies.
Highlights
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide
The study seeks to elucidate whether this increase is widespread or if it occurs in specific groups, if it corresponds to epidemiological or operational changes
A descriptive study was carry on using data from official secondary sources to analyze changes in the number of cases in the last two years according to geographic areas and risk groups
Summary
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. En Chile, luego de un período de estancamiento, se ha observado un aumento de casos en los últimos dos años, llegando a una tasa de incidencia de 15,7 casos por 100.000 habitantes en 2018. En los últimos años Chile ha sufrido una serie de cambios epidemiológicos y de la operacionalización del Programa de Tuberculosis que pudiesen estar contribuyendo a este aumento de las tasas de incidencia de esta enfermedad. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo describir los principales cambios observados en el perfil epidemiológico de las personas que enfermaron de tuberculosis en los últimos dos años para determinar si el aumento de casos es un fenómeno general o localizado a algunos grupos vulnerables. El estudio busca determinar si este aumento podría estar influenciado por una mejora en las actividades de los equipos de salud en cuanto a la localización de los casos y al diagnóstico de laboratorio
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