Las políticas públicas: entre la teoría y la práctica

Abstract

Objective: this Reflection paper intends to question some theoretical issues that cloud the practice and whose improvement could increase the social benefit of management. Methodology: an interpretative and critical reflection was made on the social phenomenon of Public Policies (PP); thus, the analysis of some issues from the fundamental theoretical perspectives on the subject were taken into account such as the cited original sources. This reflection was particularly focused on five issues to help understand the rationality of PP and their performance: the formal issues, the actors, the contexts, the processes, and the results. Results: It was found that in many social scenarios, including academic, the PPs are introduced as technocratic options that political leaders assume neutrally and rationally for the benefit of people. Although this concept is very interesting, it is ideological and far from reality. The PPs are political devices that were developed in late modernity to control the tangible and intangible resources of society, and, as such, they are administered by different subgroups in defense of their own interests. Unlike the aim of the official discourse, the PPs are not always decisions made in favor of public interests, rather they are changeable expressions of social conflicts between antagonistic groups fighting for their own benefit. Conclusions: beyond technical matters, the PPs are political issues whose main characteristic comes from the particular interests of their defenders. The PPs have become a good opportunity to face and solve priority public problems.