Abstract
De modo progresivo las asociaciones de inmigrantes en España se han convertido en un agente importante de la cooperación para el desarrollo. En este sentido, el entorno político, favorecido por la incorporación del codesarrollo en las políticas públicas a partir del año 2002, propició la creación de una estructura y una nueva ventana de oportunidad para las asociaciones de inmigrantes. Como resultado, en muchas de ellas se generaron procesos de adaptación o incluso hibridación organizativa hacia la reconversión como ONGD. Es por ello que, a raíz de los resultados de un estudio realizado sobre el estado de las entidades del campo de la cooperación para el desarrollo en España, debatimos y analizamos en este artículo, si dichos procesos hacen referencia a la capacidad de agencia por parte de las asociaciones de inmigrantes o, por lo contrario, se enmarcan en una simple adaptación institucional ante la nueva estructura de oportunidad política.
Highlights
In the last few decades, migrant associations have undergone changes themselves, and have facilitated contact with pre-existing social organisations in the host society, including the non-governmental development organisations (NGDOs) themselves from the world of cooperation (Garkisch, Heidingsfelder and Beckmann, 2017)
By looking at the transformations of a significant number of entities, originally immigrant associations, into NGDOs, or, at least, their formalisation as such in the corresponding registry of the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID to use its initials in Spanish)
The main hypothesis of our work is that the conversion of immigrant associations into NGDOs requires a strategy at different levels in order to achieve greater social and political recognition, in Spain and in their countries of origin
Summary
In the last few decades, migrant associations have undergone changes themselves, and have facilitated contact with pre-existing social organisations in the host society, including the non-governmental development organisations (NGDOs) themselves from the world of cooperation (Garkisch, Heidingsfelder and Beckmann, 2017). By looking at the transformations of a significant number of entities, originally immigrant associations, into NGDOs, or, at least, their formalisation as such in the corresponding registry of the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID to use its initials in Spanish) This organisational change can be interpreted in different ways: either as a “natural” result of the maturation of the associations and their integration into Spanish society, or as an expression of the immigrants’ own transnational commitment and their interest in promoting development cooperation with their countries of origin, or as a form of institutional adaptation to achieve greater public visibility or better political positioning in relation to the State and other social organisations. The associations studied were created around the year 2002, minus a few exceptions, and were all registered together as NGDOs in 2007, with an average of 5 years between their creation and their transformation This short period of time between both dates could suggest an accelerated process, encouraged or induced by codevelopment policies promoted by different public administrations with responsibilities relating to cooperation for development and immigration. In the midst of the economic crisis of recent years, the dismantling of many public policies that were put in place at the height of immigration (including the same co-development policy) would have had a considerable effect on the loss of public visibility and the strength of immigrant associations, which leads us once again to reflect on their institutional fragility
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