Larvicidal, Ovicidal, and Repellent Activities of Marine Sponge Cliona celata (Grant) Extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae)

Appadurai Daniel Reegan,Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu,Arokia Valan Kinsalin,Michael Gabriel Paulraj

doi:10.1155/2013/315389

Abstract

Solvent extracts of marine sponge Cliona celata (Grant) were screened for larvicidal, ovicidal, and repellent properties against the filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus Say and dengue vector Aedes aegypti L. Larvicidal and ovicidal activities of hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts were tested in four different concentrations ranging as 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 ppm. Among the three solvent extracts of C. celata, methanol extract showed the highest larvicidal activity at 500 ppm against both mosquito species. The LC50 and LC90 values of C. celata methanol extract were recorded as 95.63 and 242.16 ppm against C. quinquefasciatus larvae and 158.40 and 780.16 ppm against A. aegypti larvae, respectively. Ovicidal activity was high in methanol extract, in which 100% ovicidal activity was recorded in C. quinquefasciatus, and 72% ovicidal activity was recorded in A. aegypti at 500 ppm. The hexane extract was found to be the most effective protectant against the adult mosquitoes of both species. The mean protection time recorded in hexane extract was up to 273 and 165 min at 5 mg/cm2 dosage against C. quinquefasciatus and A. aegypti, respectively. Considering these bioactivities, C. celata could be used to obtain some novel pesticidal molecules.

Highlights

Mosquitoes are the major arthropod vectors and the most dangerous human health pests
It was clear from the results that the methanol extract recorded the maximum larvicidal activity in both C. quinquefasciatus and A. aegypti
A. aegypti was less susceptible than C. quinquefasciatus, and the LC50 and LC90 values of methanol extract for A. aegypti were 158.40 and 780.16 ppm, respectively

Summary

Introduction

Mosquitoes are the major arthropod vectors and the most dangerous human health pests. Chemical control of mosquitoes is causing many unwanted effects on human health and nontarget animals. By understanding these side effects of chemicals, people are showing interest towards biopesticides and botanical formulations, which are considered as eco-friendly. Culex quinquefasciatus is a major vector of Wuchereria species causing lymphatic filariasis; it is widely distributed in tropical regions with around 120 million people getting infected and 44 million people under clinical manifestation [3]. The mosquito Aedes aegypti is more widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is a major vector of arboviruses causing chikungunya and dengue fever. Some investigators have reported that the secondary metabolites of marine sponges possessed insecticidal activities [13,14,15,16]

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Conclusion