Abstract
BackgroundDengue is a major problem for humanity. Most people use insecticides to eliminate larvae of Aedes aegypti, which requires heavy chemicals use that affects the environment and human health. Therefore, in this research, the focus was on the larvicidal efficacy of pure compounds from the leaves and twigs of Maerua siamensis against the larvae of A. aegypti.ResultsLarval mortality was observed after a 24-h exposure. The 1H-indole-3 acetonitrile glycosides cappariloside A and cappariloside B and the triterpene lupeol showed strong larvicidal effects (24-h LC50 = 71.14, 99.79 and 133.03 ppm). After 48 h, cappariloside B caused the most potential mortality with an LC50 of 1.56 ppm and lupeol had the highest lethal concentration at LC50 = 158.71 ppm. Additionally, consistency was observed between the toxicity tests and detoxification enzyme activity. Most compounds, except for lupeol and vanillin, reduce the activity of glutathione-s-transferase, whereas no significant differences were between control and treated groups for carboxylesterase.ConclusionsCappariloside A and cappariloside B are good potential larvicide agents. They showed larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti larvae with LC50 = 71.14 and 99.79 ppm at 24 and 48 h, respectively.
Highlights
Dengue is a major problem for humanity
We focused on the isolation of larvicidal agents from Maerua siamensis (Kurt) Pax, the only species of the genus found in Thailand
All pure compounds isolated from M. siamensis were identified by the comparison of their physical properties and spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature [17,18,19,20,21,22,23]
Summary
Most people use insecticides to eliminate larvae of Aedes aegypti, which requires heavy chemicals use that affects the environment and human health. Because of the public health problems [2], most people use insecticides to eliminate the mosquitoes. The current use of insecticides has caused inhibition of cholinesterases and chromosomal aberrations in human peripheral leukocytes [3, 4]. These insecticides contaminate air, water, and soil in surrounding areas and cause mortality to animals [5, 6].
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