Abstract
Environmentally friendly botanical larvicides are commonly considered as an alternative to synthetic larvicides against Aedes aegypti Linn. In addition, mosquito resistance to currently used larvicides has motivated research to find new compounds acting via different mechanisms of action, with the goal of controlling the spread of mosquitos. Essential oils have been widely studied for this purpose. This work aims to evaluate the larvicidal potential of Syzygium aromaticum and Citrus sinensis essential oils, either alone or in combination with temephos, on Ae. aegypti populations having different levels of organophosphate resistance. The 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of the essential oils alone and in combination with temephos and the influence of essential oils on vector oviposition were evaluated. The results revealed that essential oils exhibited similar larvicidal activity in resistant populations and susceptible populations. However, S. aromaticum and C. sinensis essential oils in combination with temephos did not decrease resistance profiles. The presence of the evaluated essential oils in oviposition sites significantly decreased the number of eggs compared to sites with tap water. Therefore, the evaluated essential oils are suitable for use in mosquito resistance management, whereas their combinations with temephos are not recommended. Additionally, repellency should be considered during formulation development to avoid mosquito deterrence.
Highlights
Resistance is commonly related to the activity of enzymes present in the mosquito biochemical routes of insecticide metabolism
The essential oils of C. sinensis and S. aromaticum were obtained at 9.1-19.0% yield, respectively
Four compounds were identified in the essential oil of C. sinensis, representing 99% of the essential oil, while five compounds were identified in the essential oil of S. aromaticum, representing 100% of the essential oil
Summary
Resistance is commonly related to the activity of enzymes present in the mosquito biochemical routes of insecticide metabolism. Numerous investigations have been conducted in the search for active compounds from natural sources, with an emphasis on medicinal and aromatic plant essential oils These oils are widely known for their larvicidal properties, as well as antiviral, fungicidal, antiparasitic and cosmetic properties (Palazzolo et al 2013, Mittal et al 2014). & Perry and Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck essential oils, as well as their major components, against Ae. aegypti larvae (Cavalcanti et al 2004, Costa et al 2005, Barbosa et al 2012, Murugan et al 2012, Warikoo et al 2012, Fayemiwo et al 2014) In this context, we aimed to further evaluate the larvicidal activity of S. aromaticum and C. sinensis essential oils on insecticide-resistant Ae. aegypti populations, as well as to assess the combined effects of these essential oils and temephos. The oviposition behaviour of females in the presence of these larvicidal agents was evaluated because repellence is detrimental to larvicidal action
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