Larvicidal activity of some selected medicinal plant extracts against the vector of filariasis

A B Umar,A H Dankaka,M Manjur Shah

doi:10.25081/jes.2020.v11.6550

A B Umar, A H Dankaka + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.25081/jes.2020.v11.6550

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Abstract

The present study assessed the role of larvicidal activities of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol dried leaf and bark extracts of Ocimum gratissimum, Gleditsia triacanthos, Eucalyptus sglobulus and Azadirachta aindica against the fourth instar larvae of filariasis vector, Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae). Larvicidal activities of four medicinal plant extracts were studied in the range of 4.69 to 1000 mg/l in the laboratory bioassays against early 4th instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. The mortality data were subjected to probit analysis to determine the lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) to kill 50 and 90 per cent of the treated larvae of the respective species. All plant extracts showed moderate effects after 24 h of exposure; however, the highest toxic effect of leaf methanol extract of Ocimum gratissimum, bark ethyl acetate extract of Eucalyptus globulus, methanol extract of Azadirachta indicia and methanol bark extract of Gleditsia triacanthos against the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus with LC50=43.00, 41.02, 40.12 and 20.36 mg/l; LC90=278.32, 218.72, 215.01 and 86.29 mg/l respectively. The result of ﬁndings shows that leaf and bark extract of G. tricantha, A .indica, O. gratissimum and E .globulus can be developed as ecofriendly larvicides.

Highlights

Mosquitoes are the major vector of filariasis and play an important role in spreading of vector-borne diseases like malaria, dengue, chikungunya and Japanese encephalitis which leads to cause thousands of deaths per year [1]
The present study assessed the role of larvicidal activities of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol dried leaf and bark extracts of Ocimum gratissimum, Gleditsia triacanthos, Eucalyptus sglobulus and Azadirachta aindica against the fourth instar larvae of filariasis vector, Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae)
The result of findings shows that leaf and bark extract of G. tricantha, A .indica, O. gratissimum and E .globulus can be developed as ecofriendly larvicides

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Mosquitoes are the major vector of filariasis and play an important role in spreading of vector-borne diseases like malaria, dengue, chikungunya and Japanese encephalitis which leads to cause thousands of deaths per year [1]. Many naturally occurring chemicals have been reported to influence mosquito oviposition [4], act as general toxicant, growth and reproductive inhibitors, repellents and oviposition-deterrent [5] essential oils isolated from Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Zingiber officinale and Rosmarinus officinalis showed oviposition-deterrent and repellent activities against A. stephensi, A. aegypti, and C. quinquefasciatus [6]. Another plant Cipadessabaccifera extract showed adulticidal activity against selected three mosquito vectors [7]. Considering the above information’s the present investigation deals with the use of G. tricantha, A. indica, E. globulus and O. gratissimum plant extracts for controlling Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito vector (Diptera: Culicidae)

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Findings

AND DISCUSSION