Abstract
The ultimate larval stadia of Macrothemis declivata, M. hemichlora, M. imitans imitans and M. tenuis are described andillustrated for the first time, based on material from Brazil. Six of the most used keys to larvae of libellulid genera of theNew World are evaluated with respect to the correct identification of the 27 known larvae of Macrothemis, Brechmorhoga,Gynothemis and Scapanea. Macrothemis species were wrongly identified in more than 50% of the trials, being keyed asBrechmorhoga, Gynothemis and even Dythemis. The genus Macrothemis and its relatives need to be revaluated and adequatelydiagnosed based on larvae. A key to the 14 known larvae of species currently included in Macrothemis is presented.
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