Abstract

Prevention of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) requires early intervention in the autoimmune process directed against β cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans, which results from a disorder of immunoregulation, inflammation, and consequently β-cell death. In addition to the autoimmune event, recent evidences have highlighted that l-arginine availability in the pancreatic islet milieu is determinant for the β-cell life and death decision. Furthermore, l-arginine supplementation in diagnosed T1DM patients has shown several benefits, particularly to the vascular complications, the principal cause of death and disability among diabetic people. In this chapter, we discuss the latest studies on l-arginine metabolism, availability, and supplementation in T1DM subjects.

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