Abstract
Study Objective: Describe radiologic findings of calcium hydroxylapatite used for urethral bulking. Design: A retrospective chart review of two patients where calcium hydroxyapatite injections were incidentally visualized by radiologic means and raised clinical suspicions of cancer. Setting: Urogynecology and reconstructive pelvic surgery practice in community based, university affiliated teaching hospital. Patients: Patients undergoing radiologic imaging with prior urethral bulking treatments for intrinsic sphincteric deficiency. Intervention: Consultation with radiologic colleagues and counseling of patients regarding incidental visualization during subsequent pelvic imaging studies. Review of radiologic images. Measurements and Main Results: Ultrasound and CT descriptions of images are given. Conclusion: Numerous injection materials have been utilized for urethral bulking and ureterovesical reflux. Due to inherent differences between the materials, radiologic appearances will vary. The patients should be advised prior to the procedure that the bulking material might be seen during any future imaging. Radiologist should be educated about these procedures and the imaging findings that may result. 552
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