Abstract
In the ceramic collection of Turganic settlement in the Orenburg region there is a group of bronze age pottery, which by its morphological and technological indicators stands out sharply from the main group of dishes. They are large size vessels with massive aureoles and distended body. The authors called these vessels hums. The aim of this study is to identify cultural-chronological position of the specified group of dishes in the system of the antiquities of the early - middle bronze age. Within this group the authors distinguish two types. The basis for type selection was the particular design of the upper part of the vessel. The first type is ceramics from Turganic settlement and the vessel from the burial mound Perevolotsky I. Morphological and technological features, and a series of radiocarbon dates has allowed to date these vessels to the time of the yamnaya culture formation in the Volga-Ural region (Repinsky stage). The authors suggest that the appearance of such vessels should be an imitation of the Maikop pottery. It could be penetration of small groups of craftsmen or the intensification of contacts with the population of the North Caucasus. The second type of pottery from Turganic settlement is similar to the burial mound Kardailovsky I (mound 1, burial 3) in Orenburg region, in the Northern pre-Caspian, region of the Samara river, Kuban and the Dnieper. Researchers have noted the scarcity and originality of this dish. The chronological and cultural position of such vessels is determined within the III Millennium BC (calibrated values).
Highlights
The filling of pits represents dwellings with the «inner edge», stone and bone tools, animal bones of turtles, birds and fish. The importance of this studiing is in the possibility of a complex view
Hunting tools are represented by bone harpoons with one, two or many teeth, arranged on one side
We determined the typological features of catching tools, and we determined quantitative, species, age and size characteristics of fish
Summary
КРУПНОТАРНЫЕ СОСУДЫ БРОНЗОВОГО ВЕКА ТУРГАНИКСКОГО ПОСЕЛЕНИЯ В ОРЕНБУРГСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ Ключевые слова: ранний и средний бронзовый век; керамика типа хумов; реповидные сосуды; радиоуглеродная хронология; культурная принадлежность; ямная; майкопско-новосвободненская; катакомная культуры; орнамент; технология изготовления керамики; исходное сырье; формовочные массы; глина; илистая глина; шамот; дробленая раковина. Что форма данных сосудов сближает их с керамикой предкавказской катакомбной культуры, отмечая, при ский раствор.
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