Abstract
We report a high-yield, low-cost synthesis route to colloidal CuInS2/ZnS (CIS/ZnS) nanocrystals (NCs) with Cu vacancies in the crystal lattice. Yellow-emitting CIS/ZnS core/shell NCs of high luminescence were facilely synthesized via a stepwise, consecutive hybrid flow reactor approach. It is based on serial combination of a batch-type mixer and a flow-type furnace. In this reactor, the flow rate of the solutions was typically 1 mL/min, 100 times larger than that of conventional microfluidic reactors. This method can produce gram quantities of material with a chemical yield in excess of 90% with minimal solvent waste. This is a noninjection-based approach in 1-dodecanethiol (DDT) with excellent synthetic reproducibility and large-scale capability. The optical features and structure of the obtained CIS/ZnS NCs have been characterized by UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The resulting CIS/ZnS NCs in chloroform exhibit quantum yield (QY) of 61.4% with photoemission peaking at 561 nm and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 92 nm. The as-synthesized CIS/ZnS NCs were proven to have excellent photostability. The synthesized CIS/ZnS NCs can be a promising fluorescent probe for biological imaging and color converting material for light-emitting diode due to Cd-free constituents.
Highlights
Semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs, or quantum dots, QDs) have attracted enormous interests in the last decade as a novel class of material due to their special properties and a wide area of potential applications [1,2,3], such as biomedical labeling, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells, lasers, and sensors [4,5,6,7,8,9]
We provide a simple and reliable synthesis method for CISbased NCs showing increased fluorescence quantum yield (QY) and high photostability
In summary, highly luminescent CIS/ZnS core/shell NCs with a quantum yield of 61.4% were synthesized on a large scale using a hybrid flow reactor in a simple, onestep process
Summary
Semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs, or quantum dots, QDs) have attracted enormous interests in the last decade as a novel class of material due to their special properties and a wide area of potential applications [1,2,3], such as biomedical labeling, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells, lasers, and sensors [4,5,6,7,8,9]. Commercial products must meet safety standards and comply with regulations It is partly for this reason, NCs synthesized from the III-V group elements (InP) and from the I-III-VI2 group (CuInS2 and CuInSe2) attracted most interest and lately have reached the performance level. CuInS2 (CIS) NCs with a bulk band gap of 1.5 eV (827 nm) [17] is selected as an important candidate for optical application and their high potential in solar energy conversion [18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32]. CIS has motivated the development of many synthetic approaches including a solvothermal method [18,19,20,21], a precursor decomposition method (thermolysis) [22,23,31], photochemical decomposition [24], and hot injection techniques [25,26,27,28,29,30,32]
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