Abstract
Mangrove forests exist in intertidal areas of tropical zones and most are characterized by their complex root systems, which attenuates flow energy. Among the mangrove species, Rhizophora species is the most common one, representing approximately 90% of the world mangrove distribution (Ohira et al., 2013). In addition, this species is used in the majority of restoration projects. Rhizophora plants are characterized by their aerial roots, which form a network above the substrate. Although several studies have been performed in the last decade to characterize flow interaction with mangrove trees (e.g.: Zhang et al., 2015), there is still a lack of knowledge of the forces exerted on the trees and the attenuation produced under waves, currents and waves and currents flowing simultaneously action.
Highlights
Mangrove forests exist in intertidal areas of tropical zones and most are characterized by their complex root systems, which attenuates flow energy
Free surface measurements reveal wave height attenuations up to 55% of the incident wave height for the smallest water depth (e.g. Figure 2) and a free surface gradient up to 200% for the same water depth and the highest unidirectional flow velocity
Flow attenuation strongly depends on water depth, highlighting the importance of the variable frontal area characteristic of this type of mangroves
Summary
Mangrove forests exist in intertidal areas of tropical zones and most are characterized by their complex root systems, which attenuates flow energy. RESULTS Free surface measurements reveal wave height attenuations up to 55% of the incident wave height for the smallest water depth (e.g. Figure 2) and a free surface gradient up to 200% for the same water depth and the highest unidirectional flow velocity. Flow attenuation strongly depends on water depth, highlighting the importance of the variable frontal area characteristic of this type of mangroves. Forces exerted on the mangroves exhibit the highest values at the first 5 rows and they are dependent of frontal area variability in agreement to Maza et al (2017).
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