Abstract
The rapid economic growth after the new millennium could be characterized by the reappearance of heavy industrialization and land urbanization. In the literatures, extensive studies have examined the impact of energy and emissions on the growth quality during the heavy industrialization process, but few have paid attention to the land dimension. This paper aims at studying the role of land use in changing the total-factor efficiency (TFE) in China’s regional economy, together with the energy factors. The basic conclusions obtained are as follows: (1) the land and energy factors do have a statistically significant influence on the total-factor integrated efficiency (TFIE), leading to a much lower and not improved efficiency performance in the sample period. The integrated efficiency is dominated by the land factor rather than energy ones; and (2) the total-factor land efficiency (TFLE) is lower than the energy efficiency and has more room to improve. The land factor has a statistically significant influence on the total-factor energy efficiency (TFEE) but not vice versa. As compared to single-factor efficiency, the total-factor energy/land efficiency provides us a more precise measure of factor efficiency in China.
Highlights
China’s economic model has delivered phenomenal rates of growth over the last three decades, resulting in the country’s rise to front and center of the global economic stage
The directional distance function (DDF) methodology, the modification of data envelopment analysis (DEA), is often used to measure the environmental total-factor efficiency (TFE), in which the energy is treated as the intermediate input and the energy-induced pollution emissions can be introduced as undesirable outputs to appropriately reveal their negative externalities in nature
The land-related financial revenue is normally collected by the local governments in three ways: first, the revenue is directly obtained by supplying the land, including transferring or renting the land use rights, the so called the revenue from compensable use of land; second, the land-related taxes are levied by the local governments; third, through the local governmental financing platforms like the Urban Development and Investment
Summary
Section, leading to very low fiscal transparency and the corresponding social problems and potential social dangers. In 2010, the ratio of Zhejiang Province is 1.40, while the ratios of Fujian, Liaoning, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shandong Provinces reached 0.99, 0.96, 0.95, 0.94, and 0.93, respectively. It can be clearly seen, even not including the invisible land finance and land tax income, the scale of land revenue of compensable use has already been quite amazing and it’s very meaningful to use it as the undesirable output of land factor when measuring the actual TFE in China’s regional economy
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