Large-scale brain network activation during emotional inhibitory control: Associations with alcohol misuse in college freshmen.

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The transition to college is associated with increased risk of alcohol misuse and a consequent increase in negative, alcohol-related social and health impacts. Traits associated with ongoing brain maturation during this period, including impulsivity in emotional contexts, could contribute to risky alcohol use. This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study examined brain network activation strength during an emotional inhibitory control task (Go-NoGo), which required participants to ignore background images with negative or neutral emotional valence during performance. Participants were 60 college freshmen (aged 18-20years, 33 women). Survey measures, completed at baseline and one-year follow-up (follow-up n=52, 29 women), assessed alcohol misuse alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT), alcohol/substance use counseling center assessment of psychological symptoms (C-CAPS), and negative consequences of alcohol use young adult alcohol consequences questionnaire (YAACQ). Measures were examined relative to network activation strength, on the Negative NoGo>Neutral NoGo contrast, of four large-scale brain networks implicated in top-down regulation of cognition and attention: right and left lateral frontoparietal networks (rL-FPN; lL-FPN), dorsal attention network (DAN), and salience network (SN). Activation strength of DAN was negatively associated with scores on the AUDIT (p=0.013) and YAACQ (p=0.004) at baseline, and with C-CAPS score at baseline and follow-up (p=0.002; p=0.005), and positively associated with accuracy on NoGo trials with negative backgrounds (p=0.014). Activation strength of rL-FPN was positively associated with C-CAPS score at follow-up (p=0.003). SN activation strength was negatively associated with accuracy on NoGo trials with negative (p<0.001) and neutral (p=0.002) backgrounds and with the accuracy difference between negative versus neutral NoGo trials (p=0.003). These findings suggest that less engagement of large-scale brain circuitry that supports top-down attentional control, specifically during negative emotions, is associated with more problematic drinking in emerging adults who attend college. This pattern of network activation may serve as a risk marker for ongoing self-regulation deficits during negative emotion that could increase risk of problematic alcohol use and negative impacts of drinking.