Abstract
Acoustic manipulation is an emerging non-invasive method enabling precise spatial control of cells in their native environment. Applying this method for organizing neurons is invaluable for neural tissue engineering applications. Here, we used surface and bulk standing acoustic waves for large-scale patterning of Dorsal Root Ganglia neurons and PC12 cells forming neuronal cluster networks, organized biomimetically. We showed that by changing parameters such as voltage intensity or cell concentration we were able to affect cluster properties. We examined the effects of acoustic arrangement on cells atop 3D hydrogels for up to 6 days and showed that assembled cells spontaneously grew branches in a directed manner towards adjacent clusters, infiltrating the matrix. These findings have great relevance for tissue engineering applications as well as for mimicking architectures and properties of native tissues.
Highlights
Acoustic manipulation is an emerging non-invasive method enabling precise spatial control of cells in their native environment
To pattern neuronal cells with surface acoustic waves (SAWs), we loaded PC12 cells into a micro-channel that was placed on top of a pair of interdigital transducers (IDTs), as described in the Experimental section
Standing SAWs formed because of the interference pattern produced by the two identical acoustic waves generated by the two IDTs traveling in opposite directions
Summary
Acoustic manipulation is an emerging non-invasive method enabling precise spatial control of cells in their native environment Applying this method for organizing neurons is invaluable for neural tissue engineering applications. We examined the effects of acoustic arrangement on cells atop 3D hydrogels for up to 6 days and showed that assembled cells spontaneously grew branches in a directed manner towards adjacent clusters, infiltrating the matrix These findings have great relevance for tissue engineering applications as well as for mimicking architectures and properties of native tissues. The ability to artificially organize and pattern neurons at specific spatial positions in order to mimic different architectures and properties of neural networks is of great importance. Brugger and colleagues have demonstrated long-term manipulation for small-scale patterning (230 cells/mm[2]) They applied the acoustic stimulation for up to 11 hr continuously, affecting both the location and growth[53]. Network patterning and neuronal clustering influence their interconnections, activity, and growth patterns[65,66,67]
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