Large sample neutron activation analysis avoids representative sub-sampling and sample preparation difficulties: An added value for forensic analysis

Abstract

A crucial part of any chemical analysis is the degree of representativeness of the measurand(s) in the test portion for the same measurands in the object, originally collected for investigation. Such an object usually may have either to be homogenized and sub-sampled, or digested/dissolved. Any of these steps introduce sampling errors, risk of contamination or loss of the measurand(s). Neutron (and photon) activation analysis and prompt gamma analysis have the capabilities of analyzing large objects or samples without the need of any pre-treatment, i.e., intact ‘as received’, with masses varying from tens of grams to tens of kilograms, and with any type of (irregular) shape. The basic concept of neutron activation analysis and prompt gamma analysis are shortly revisited and the scope of application of the large sample analysis with these technique are elaborated on with an outlook for use in forensic studies, including the analysis of medicinal products and drugs of abuse.