Abstract
Rab GTPases are major coordinators of intracellular membrane trafficking, including vesicle transport, membrane fission, tethering, docking, and fusion events. Rab GTPases are roughly divided into two groups: conventional “small” Rab GTPases and atypical “large” Rab GTPases that have been recently reported. Some members of large Rab GTPases in mammals include Rab44, Rab45/RASEF, and Rab46. The genes of these large Rab GTPases commonly encode an amino-terminal EF-hand domain, coiled-coil domain, and the carboxyl-terminal Rab GTPase domain. A common feature of large Rab GTPases is that they express several isoforms in cells. For instance, Rab44’s two isoforms have similar functions, but exhibit differential localization. The long form of Rab45 (Rab45-L) is abundantly distributed in epithelial cells. The short form of Rab45 (Rab45-S) is predominantly present in the testes. Both Rab46 (CRACR2A-L) and the short isoform lacking the Rab domain (CRACR2A-S) are expressed in T cells, whereas Rab46 is only distributed in endothelial cells. Although evidence regarding the function of large Rab GTPases has been accumulating recently, there are only a limited number of studies. Here, we report the recent findings on the large Rab GTPase family concerning their function in membrane trafficking, cell differentiation, related diseases, and knockout mouse phenotypes.
Highlights
A previous report suggested that all members of large Rab GTPases contain Proline-rich domains (PRDs) [33], we propose that Rab44 and Rab46 contain the PRD, but Rab45 lacks it
We summarized the recent findings on large Rab GTPases, including
As large Rab GTPases contain an EF-hand domain (EFD), it is speculated that regulation of the Ca2+ signaling pathway is important for large Rab GTPases
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Rab GTPases are roughly divided into two groups: conventional “small” Rab GTPases and atypical “large” Rab GTPases Some Rab proteins play a specific role in animal cells: Rabs 3, 26, 27, 33, 37, and 39, are mainly involved in regulating secretion; Rabs 10 and 43 are involved in membrane trafficking between the. Large Rab GTPases comprise Rab, Rab (alias RASEF (RAS and EFDcontaining protein)), and Rab. Large Rab GTPases comprise Rab, Rab (alias RASEF (RAS and EFDcontaining protein)), and Rab46 These large Rab GTPases are atypical Rab GTPases with molecular weights of approximately 70–150 kDa, which have been reported recently. We report the recent findings on the large Rab GTPase family, including their function in membrane trafficking, cell differentiation, related diseases, and knockout mouse phenotypes
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