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Abstract
To reduce the defects of perovskite films, various additives are often introduced into the precursor solution. Here, Hydriodic (HI) acid is used as additive in Isopropanol (IPA) solution of methylammonium iodide (MAI) in two-step spin-coated method to obtain high quality MAPbI3 perovskite film. According to the scanning electron microscope (SEM) image, the grain size of the film increases with the increase of the concentration of HI. When the concentration of addition is 0.004 vol% HI/IPA, the grain size is the largest and the film is the most uniform. In addition, photoluminescence spectra (PL) and Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy show the enhancement of the optical absorption, which also proves the improvement of the film’s quality. With the structure of ITO/PTAA/MAPbI3/PCBM/Ti/Au, Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) were fabricated using MAI solutions with different volume ratios of HI/IPA. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the best cell was increased to 18.21% from 16.1%. This study proposes a simple and very effective method of using two-step sequential deposition to produce high-performance PSCs.
Highlights
With the rapid increase in performance, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have attracted widespread attention in the last few years.[1,2,3] Since the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.8 % was reported in 2009,4 the current certification record has reached 22%.5The crystal defects play an important role in the perovskite films.[6,7] When the grain size in the films increases, the grain boundary reduces, and the defect decreases.[8]
It can be found the hysteresis of the films is eliminated effectively
We have found that the photoluminescence spectra (PL) spectra of the films produced by the methylammonium iodide (MAI) solution added 0.004 vol% HI/IPA have a significant blue shift photoluminescence peak, which indicates that the HI additive has a significant effect on the films
Summary
With the rapid increase in performance, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have attracted widespread attention in the last few years.[1,2,3] Since the PCE of 3.8 % was reported in 2009,4 the current certification record has reached 22%.5. By recovering CH3NH2 into MAI, the decomposition reaction of MAI is significantly reduced, which effectively passivates defects.[24] In some studies, the HI as additive was added into perovskite precursor solution for getting smooth CH3NH3PbI3 film in one-step deposition.[25,26,27,28] one-step deposition process is simple, the manufacturing process is sensitive to many factors, and it has poor repeatability. Analyzed by SEM, PL and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, we confirmed that using HI as additive in two-step spin-coated deposition method can increase the grain size of CH3NH3PbI3 film, reduce grain boundary and crystal defects, promote electron transport, increase Jsc, and provid an efficient and simple way to improving the performance of PSCs
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