Abstract
In this study, we developed a novel (Sr1/3Nb2/3)4+ complex ion dopant to tailor the electrostrain and energy-storage properties of (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 (BNT)-based ferroelectric ceramics. The chemical formula of the investigated system is [0.93(Bi0.51Na0.5)0.07Ba)]Ti1-x(Sr1/3Nb2/3)xO3, where x = 0.0025, 0.005, 0.0075, and 0.01. The crystal structures, microstructures, and dielectric/ferroelectric/electrostrictive/energy-storage properties of the ceramics synthesized by a solid-state reaction method were thoroughly investigated. For the x = 0.01 composition, an ultrahigh electrostrain of 0.59 % was achieved under an electric field of 130 kV/cm. The strain response of this composition increased progressively with increasing temperature from 30 to 150 °C while maintaining good symmetry. Interestingly, the electrostrictive coefficient Q33 was shown to be strongly temperature-sensitive. The Q33 value was 0.018 m4/C2 at 30 °C and increased dramatically as the temperature increased, reaching a maximum value of 0.0378 m4/C2 at 150 °C. Furthermore, under a relatively modest electric field of 100 kV/cm, a high recoverable energy-storage density of 1.36 J/cm3 was obtained for the x = 0.0075 composition. These findings demonstrate that the addition of (Sr1/3Nb2/3)4+ complex ions can effectively tailor the electrostrain and energy storage properties of BNT-based ceramics. Moreover, the doping ion design principle can be applied to other BNT-based ferroelectrics, with potential for dramatic improvements in electrostrain and energy storage properties.
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