Abstract
AbstractMassively parallel large eddy simulation (LES) experiments were conducted to study the flow fields developed by unidirectional flow over submerged vegetation and wave flow-through emergent vegetation. For the submerged vegetation, vertical profiles of mean and turbulent horizontal and vertical velocities were found to be in good agreement with laboratory experiments. Canopy-averaged bulk drag coefficient calculated from the depth-integrated forces on the cylinders compares well with empirical measurements. For the emergent vegetation, wave-induced drag forces were calculated, and the inertia and pressure-drag coefficients were compared with laboratory experiments, which were found to be in good agreement. Vertical variation of forces and moments about the stem base are presented and compared with a single stem case under a variety of wave conditions and Keulegan-Carpenter (KC) numbers. It is seen that at low KC numbers the effect of the inertia force is significant. The vertical variation of the v...
Highlights
Flows through riverine and coastal vegetation have been areas of active research among civil engineers for the last half century
With the development of high-performance computing (HPC) infrastructure this approach has the advantage of revealing several important canopyscale phenomena, such as the role of the spacing between stems, characteristic vortex features in canopy associated with wave conditions, relative importance of the orbital components in the energy reduction, and the unique flow features caused by wave currentvegetation interactions
The goal of using 3D large eddy simulation (LES) modeling is to better understand the hydrodynamics within vegetation canopies and quantify the variation of forces acting on the stems
Summary
Flows through riverine and coastal vegetation have been areas of active research among civil engineers for the last half century. Submerged riverine vegetation exists largely in unidirectional flow environments and induces vegetation drag, reducing the mean flow velocities within the canopy with respect to the free upper layer, whereas emergent vegetation canopies in coastal wetlands are most effective in attenuating the wave height by dissipating the wave energy. The momentum loss from turbulent interaction of the flow between the stems and bed friction are all lumped into a drag force term, which may be one of the reasons for the large scatter commonly seen between studies of different researchers Last, these models do not give any insights into the nature of eddy shedding from vegetation stems and resultant turbulent flow structure within canopies. With the development of HPC infrastructure this approach has the advantage of revealing several important canopyscale phenomena, such as the role of the spacing between stems, characteristic vortex features in canopy associated with wave conditions, relative importance of the orbital components in the energy reduction, and the unique flow features caused by wave currentvegetation interactions
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