Abstract
A transient, three-dimensional mathematical model has been developed to study the slag entrapment in a continuous casting mold. The unsteady turbulent flow is computed using the large eddy simulation (LES). The sub-grid scale structure is modeled by the Smagorinsky–Lilly model. The movements of discrete bubbles, as well as three continuous phases (air–slag–steel), are described by solving the coupled discrete particle model and volume of fraction (DPM+VOF) approach. The bubble transport inside different phases (steel and slag) and the escape near the air–slag interface are well studied. Good agreement is obtained by comparing with the plant observation of the slag eyes on the top surface of the mold. Three main mechanisms of slag entrapment are identified; vortex formation, shear-layer instability, and meniscus fluctuation. Four stages are observed for a slag entrapment: deformation, necking, breaking, and dragging in the mold. The model is helpful for understanding the formation of slag entrapment during continuous casting.
Highlights
Mold slag entrapment is characterized by mold powder being drawn into the molten steel pool inside a continuous casting mold [1]
To study the slag entrapment in detail, many transparent physical models were established to visualize the turbulent behavior of the slag layer, usually employing water and silicon oil as surrogate fluids for the molten steel and slag
Bielnicki and Jowsa [13] compared the existence of slag powder’s effect on the slag entrapment, showing that the presence of mold powder influenced the critical casting speed. All these works are beneficial for understanding the slag entrapment in steel
Summary
Mold slag entrapment is characterized by mold powder being drawn into the molten steel pool inside a continuous casting mold [1]. To study the slag entrapment in detail, many transparent physical models were established to visualize the turbulent behavior of the slag layer, usually employing water and silicon oil as surrogate fluids for the molten steel and slag. Among these studies, Savolainen et al [7] studied the slag properties’ influence on the formation of slag drop and size distribution. Bielnicki and Jowsa [13] compared the existence of slag powder’s effect on the slag entrapment, showing that the presence of mold powder influenced the critical casting speed All these works are beneficial for understanding the slag entrapment in steel. The results are helpful for understanding the slag entrapment during the slab casting process
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