Abstract
We study atypically large fluctuations of height H in the 1 + 1-dimensional Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) equation at long times t, when starting from a ‘droplet’ initial condition. We derive exact large deviation function of height for , where λ is the nonlinearity coefficient of the KPZ equation. This large deviation function describes a crossover from the Tracy–Widom distribution tail at small , which scales as , to a different tail at large , which scales as . The latter tail exists at all times t > 0. It was previously obtained in the framework of the optimal fluctuation method. It was also obtained at short times from exact representation of the complete height statistics. The crossover between the two tails, at long times, occurs at as previously conjectured. Our analytical findings are supported by numerical evaluations using exact representation of the complete height statistics.
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