Abstract

Substantial permanent ground deformation (PGD) can be generated during earthquakes, causing deformation and strain that concentrates at pipeline elbows. This paper describes in-plane bending experiments on various kinds of low-angle elbows in the closing and opening mode, and Finite Element (FE) modeling to simulate their deformation behavior using linear shell elements. Good agreement was obtained between the analytical and experimental results, even for plastic deformation as much as 30% strain. Analytical results obtained with a modeling technique named HYBRID MODEL are also presented for the behavior of 300-mm-diameter buried pipelines with low-angle elbows subjected to PGD.

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