Abstract
In this paper, the use of the node-dependent kinematics concept for the geometrical nonlinear analysis of composite one-dimensional structures is proposed With the present approach, the kinematics can be independent in each element node. Therefore the theory of structures changes continuously over the structural domain, describing remarkable cross-section deformation with higher-order kinematics and giving a lower-order kinematic to those portion of the structure which does not require a refinement. In this way, the reliability of the simulation is ensured, keeping a reasonable computational cost. This is possible by Carrera unified formulation, which allows writing finite element nonlinear equilibrium and incremental equations in compact and recursive form. Compact and thin-walled composite structures are analyzed, with symmetric and unsymmetric loading conditions, to test the present approach when dealing with warping and torsion phenomena. Results show how finite element models with node-dependent behave as well as ones with uniform highly refined kinematic. In particular, zones which undergo remarkable deformations demand high-order theories of structures, whereas a lower-order theory can be employed if no local phenomena occur: this is easily accomplished by node-dependent kinematics analysis.
Highlights
In the last decades, new challenges demanded by aerospace, automotive and other engineering fields require the adoption of sophisticated and eventually lightweight structures
A comprehensive review of the modeling of laminated materials for 1D structures can be found in Kapania and Raciti [2,3]. Classical theories such as the Euler-Bernoulli beam [4] is widely applied in numerical simulations, it lacks the ability to accurately predict the transverse shear over the cross-sections of beams, for which the shear effects play a crucial role in their mechanical behavior
As far as the LW approach is concerned, the cross-section of the laminated beam is discretized with a set of Lagrange Points (LPs), opportunely subdivided into Lagrange Elements (LE)
Summary
New challenges demanded by aerospace, automotive and other engineering fields require the adoption of sophisticated and eventually lightweight structures. Local phenomena and large cross-sectional deformations occur in particular areas of the structure, for example, in the nearby of external loads or constraint conditions In such cases, it would be needed to build a model with variable kinematics, namely, capable of refining only the portions of the structure which undergo high deformation or rotation. This paper is organized as follows: (i) Section 2 reports the present model, including the FE arrays calculation adopting the NDK approach in the geometrical nonlinear analysis; (ii) numerical results are discussed for both compact and thin-walled laminated beams, with symmetric and asymmetric loading conditions; (iii) the main conclusions are drawn
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