Abstract
The computational challenge associated with pneumatic envelopes, such as balloons and parachutes, is due to the complication of their underconstrained and no-compression nature. Underconstrained behavior leads to large displacements without concomitant strain energy; no-compression behavior leads to a degenerate, wrinkled state. In this paper, we discuss issues surrounding modeling such structures. We provide a method to analyze pneumatic envelopes through a penalty parameter-modified constitutive relation embedded in a non-linear finite element code. Such an approach is also adaptable to the user-provided material function port available with many commercial finite element codes. Validation examples given are the inflated cantilever cylinder subjected to transverse tip load, inflated cantilever cylinder subjected to twist moment, and the inflation of a round parachute.
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