Abstract
BackgroundPrimitive neuroendocrine prostate neoplasms are rarely reported. This entity comprises carcinoïd tumors and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors, mainly those of the small-cell type. Large-cell-type primitive tumors are exceptional, and only nine cases are reported in the literature. Similar to neuroendocrine tumors of the prostate, large-cell-type primitive tumors may be observed in the context of conventional adenocarcinoma during androgen deprivation therapy or as prostatic metastasis of a distant neuroendocrine tumor, mainly pulmonary neoplasms.Case presentationWe report a Caucasian case of a mixed prostatic carcinoma, with the largest component being the large-cell neuroendocine carcinoma, in a patient who underwent a total prostatectomy for a localized cancer. Diagnostic, histological, therapeutic and evolutive aspects are reported and discussed.ConclusionsLarge-cell primitive prostate neuroendocrine carcinoma is a rare but aggressive histological entity, which can be associated or not with an adenocarcinomatous component. Mixed forms have a better outcome, mainly when diagnosed at an early stage.
Highlights
Primitive neuroendocrine prostate neoplasms are rarely reported
Clinical case A 68-year-old Caucasian patient presented in September 2015 due to an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level
They are less frequent in acini, from which conventional adenocarcinoma of the prostate can develop
Summary
Large-cell primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate is an aggressive and a rare histological entity. The development of nuclear imaging modalities allows a better follow-up and early diagnosis of recurrence, with substantial optimized care
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