Abstract
DSM (Demand Side Management) is a short term and comparatively low cost solution for energy starved countries. Replacement of IB (Incandescent Bulbs) with CFL (Compact Fluorescent Lamps) has proved its success throughout the world. The same solution, at larger scale, was proposed to Pakistan to mitigate power shortage on short term basis. Accordingly in year 2008, ADB (Asian Development Bank) conducted a study and it was found that replacement of conventional IB with 30 million CFL will result into series of benefits for the stake holders and above all the Environment. The study, unfortunately didn't take enough consideration of effect of CFLs on the power system being non-linear device and so the power quality issues remained a secondary consideration. The focus of this paper remains on the effect of such non-linear load on consumers, it also envisages the erratic behaviour of such large penetration of CFLs on direct single phase, three phase, digital as well as electromechanical energy meters, under different loading conditions e.g. resistive load, SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply), half and full-wave rectifiers. It also reflects harmonic pollution caused by CFLs, their effect on power system quality and the registration ability of electromechanical as well as digital energy meters. To this end Harmonic spectrum was recorded up to the 31st harmonic.
Highlights
Pakistan will replace 30 million IB with CFL for residential consumers spread throughout the country in ten utilities
The focus of this paper is to study the effect of higher order harmonics on the behaviour of energy measurement mechanism of energy meters
Current waveform drawn by two CFLs and the fundamental component were plotted for one time period i.e. 1/50.03 ~ 0.02s
Summary
Pakistan will replace 30 million IB with CFL for residential consumers spread throughout the country in ten utilities. Energy efficiency is being considered as least cost remedy to address current power shortages in Pakistan. This demand side management program is the biggest of its kind and so unique throughout the world. PEPCO (Pakistan Electric Power Company) distributed two CFLs to each domestic consumer throughout the country, without any cost impact to the customer and in exchange of two IB. It is needless to mention the effects of harmonics on excessive heating of distribution transformers, increase loading on LT (Low Tension) conductors, damage of capacitor banks, reduction in the designed life of energy meters, maloperation of protective relays that require real time adaptive protection settings to operate properly [2], increase system losses and reduced efficiency of rotating machines etc. It is needless to mention the effects of harmonics on excessive heating of distribution transformers, increase loading on LT (Low Tension) conductors, damage of capacitor banks, reduction in the designed life of energy meters, maloperation of protective relays that require real time adaptive protection settings to operate properly [2], increase system losses and reduced efficiency of rotating machines etc. [3]
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