Large artery biomechanical, geometrical, and structural remodeling elicited by long-term propranolol administration in an animal model.

Abstract

Limited attention has been paid to the role of beta-adrenergic blocking agents on large artery function/structure, despite being clinically useful for treating many forms of cardiovascular disease. To assess long-term consequences of beta-blocker administration on the biomechanical properties, geometry, and histological structure of two major elastic arteries. Healthy male rats received water with their food, while beta-blockade was produced in rats by adding propranolol in their drinking water. The thoracic aorta and carotid artery were resected after three months for biomechanical (failure and inflation-extension) testing along with geometrical and histological evaluation. The thoracic aorta presented increased strength longitudinally in propranolol-treated than untreated rats, resulting from increased adventitial collagen content. The distensibility of carotid artery increased in propranolol-treated rats at low-to-physiologic pressures, resulting from decreased medial collagen content. Structural remodeling was characterized by reduced lumen diameter, wall mass, and thickness-to-radius ratio. The latter, together with the greater resorption of the media than adventitia, related with the measured opening angle decrease in propranolol-treated rats. The geometrical/biomechanical remodeling was mediated by the hemodynamic effects of propranolol treatment, namely the reduced blood flow, and served to normalize in vivo hoop stresses as well as vessel compliance.