Abstract
Te-enriched chalcogenide glass Ge(15)As(25)Se(15)Te(45) (GAST) is synthesized, thermo-optically characterized and used to fabricate a one dimensional photonic crystal cavity mode that is dynamically and reversibly tuned by temperature modulation. The optical cavity mode is designed using GAST and As(2)S(3) glasses after fully determining their temperature dependence of the complex refractive indices in the visible and near infrared spectrum using spectroscopic ellipsometry. By making use of the very large thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT = 4 x 10(-4)/ degrees C) of GAST glass at 1.2 mum, the cavity mode of the multilayer was tuned reversibly more than 16 nm, which is, to the best of our knowledge, an order of magnitude larger for this kind of cavity modulation. Wide and dynamical spectral tuning of low bandgap chalcogenide glasses via temperature modulation can be utilized in photonic crystal based integrated optics, quantum dot resonance matching, solid state and gas laser components, and infrared photonic crystal fibers.
Highlights
Optical cavity modes, photonic bandgap structures with intentionally incorporated defects that break the periodicity to localize electromagnetic energy modes [1], provide basis for a large number of interesting passive and active devices both on chip [2] and in fiber [3, 4]
Wide and dynamical spectral tuning of low bandgap chalcogenide glasses via temperature modulation can be utilized in photonic crystal based integrated optics, quantum dot resonance matching, solid state and gas laser components, and infrared photonic crystal fibers
Same high thermo-optic coefficient Telluride chalcogenide glass can be used in other active devices both on chip and in fiber
Summary
Photonic bandgap structures with intentionally incorporated defects that break the periodicity to localize electromagnetic energy modes [1], provide basis for a large number of interesting passive and active devices both on chip [2] and in fiber [3, 4]. Attention has focused on the photo-induced and thermo-optical index tuning and modulation of chalcogenide based devices, e.g. photosensitivity of As2S3 is used for mode tuning of quantum cascade lasers using above bandgap illumination [7], for local tuning of photonic crystal cavities by photo-darkening [9], for post tuning of 2D photonic crystals with He-Ne laser [8], for cavity tuning of hollow core photonic crystal fibers by photodarkening [4] and Ge-As-Se was used recently for post tuning of high-Q two dimensional photonic crystals [26] In these studies the dynamical range of cavity modulation is limited to about 1-2 nm except for [26] in which a blue-shift of more than 10 nm is achieved after a 20.5 min exposure to a He-Ne laser intensity of 30 W/cm. We report thermo-optical characterization of a Tellurium-enriched chalcogenide glass Ge15As25Se15Te45 (GAST) with a very high thermo-optic coefficient, and demonstrate dynamical tuning of a wide dynamic range (16 nm), quarter wave stack based optical cavity fabricated using GAST and As2S3 chalcogenide glasses
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