Laparoscopic Versus Open Pre-Treatment Loop Colostomy for Fecal Diversion in Rectal Cancer Patients: Is Laparoscopic Colostomy Better?

Abstract

Diversion colostomy plays a crucial role in the management of carcinoma rectum in low- and middle-income countries as significant number of patients present with partial intestinal obstruction. The aim of this study was to compare laparoscopic and open approaches for fecal diversion done in patients with adenocarcinoma of the rectum as a pretreatment procedure. The primary end point of our study was time to initiation of neoadjuvant chemo radiation. It was a retrospective study that included all patients diagnosed to have carcinoma rectum and underwent a pretreatment fecal diversion between 2012 and 2014. A total of 55 patients underwent pretreatment diversion colostomy of which 33 were performed via the laparoscopic approach while 22 had open diversion. The time for initiation of neoadjuvant therapy was shorter in the laparoscopic group compared to the open approach (16days vs. 20.5days, P = 0.31). The study concluded that pretreatment diversion colostomy using the laparoscopic approach was a safe option in low- and middle-income countries as it was associated with faster recovery and early initiation of neoadjuvant therapy in patients with partially obstructed locally advanced carcinoma rectum.