Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: long-term outcomes

Abstract

Concurrent with the rise of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy as the gold standard for managing renal cell carcinoma, awareness has increased regarding the value of nephron-sparing surgery, even in the presence of a normal contralateral kidney. Therefore, whereas fewer radical nephrectomies will be performed for T1a tumors, there is a move towards handling more advanced pathology laparoscopically; that is, very large tumors, T3b disease, and limited lymph-node involvement. This review will highlight the long-term outcomes and recent developments in laparoscopic radical nephrectomy reported over the past year. There were several papers reiterating the excellent long-term outcomes of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy in the form of retrospective comparisons with cohorts of patients undergoing open radical nephrectomy. None of these studies demonstrated any differences in 5-year cancer-specific or overall survival. Surgeons continue to expand upon the current technique and indications. Long-term studies repeatedly support the superiority of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy over open radical nephrectomy for the majority of renal cell cancers due to equivalent oncologic control, low morbidity and shorter convalescence time. Experienced surgeons are able to manage more advanced pathologies laparoscopically without compromising cancer control or patient safety.